Allicient

Commonly Used Calligraphy Fonts

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It is the art of writing that has different strokes, brushes and bursting 
with fine-art design writing. It is usually used for wedding invitations
 way back years ago, but recently more and more design elements are 
using calligraphic font style as part of their full-packed layout. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Various Calligraphy Fonts :-</div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
1. Lamar Pen</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Lamar Pen" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20969" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Lamar-Pen.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Lamar Pen is a classic and stunning hand-writing calligraphy font 
style of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar. His stylish and elegant hand writing
 results to a remarkable calligraphic font that looks awesome when 
letters are combined with one another.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/3ip/lamar-pen/regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Lamar Pen</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
2. Burgues Script</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Burgues Script" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20971" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Burgues-Script.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Burgues Script is a very famous font for over 100 years that inspired
 many penmanship schools. This beautiful calligraphic font is designed 
by famous and skillful penman Louis Madarasz that is known for his 
contribution in the art of calligraphy.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/sudtipos/burgues-script/regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Burgues Script</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
3. Dom Loves Mary</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Dom Loves Mary Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20972" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Dom-Loves-Mary-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Dom Loves Mary is a tribute to the Debi Sementelli’s in-laws namely 
Dom and his wife Mary as a font symbol of beautiful life together. This 
calligraphic font is created to give your design a complimentary 
approach of both style and uniqueness.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/correspondence-ink/dom-loves-mary/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Don Loves Mary Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
4. Hummingbird</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Hummingbird" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20973" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Hummingbird.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Hummingbird is an old-fashioned but stylish calligraphic font with 
many cursive details and stylish scripts. The uniformity of this font 
style looks disciplined and very attractive when put all together. The 
variation of letters is also very elegant that can complement to any 
design layout.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/laura-worthington/hummingbird/regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Hummingbird</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
5. Aphrodite Slim Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Aphrodite Slim Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20974" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Aphrodite-Slim-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Aphrodite Slim Pro is under the calligraphic font family of Aphrodite
 Pro but with more detailed characters. This calligraphy font has over 
1,000 glyphs and the swashes are very stylish with many curves and 
flourishes created by Maximiliano Sproviero and Sabrina Mariela Lopez.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/typesenses/aphrodite-slim/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Aphrodite Slim Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
6. Scriptina Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Scriptina Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20975" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Scriptina-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Scriptina Pro is upgraded by Fredrick Nader and Roger S. Nelsson published under CheapProFonts, as their 100<sup>th</sup>
 font released. This calligraphic font has numerous available alternates
 that are all beautifully design to fit with any design layout.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/cheapprofonts/scriptina-pro/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Scriptina Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
7. Edwardian Script ITC</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Edwardian Script ITC" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20976" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Edwardian-Script-ITC.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Edwardian Script ITC is a stylish calligraphic font with lots of 
flourish and cursive details. It has a very sophisticated letterforms 
and characters that look like a result of pointed steel pen. This can be
 a perfect font for your wedding invitations or to other event 
invitations.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/itc/edwardian-script/std-regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Edwardian Script ITC</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
8. Perfumerie Script Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Perfumerie Script Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20977" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Perfumerie-Script-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Perfumerie Script Pro is beautifully designed by Sabrina Lopez that 
has many stylish and classical calligraphic details. It has 2,500 
available glyphs and font style is based on the author’s own calligraphy
 which makes it unique than other calligraphic font styles.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/typesenses/parfumerie-script-pro/pro/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Perfumerie Script Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
9. Hiatus</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Hiatus" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20978" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Hiatus.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Hiatus is a warmer approach for formal and classical scripts that 
lets you create the most unique combinations of letterforms with enough 
letter spacing in both capital and small letters. This calligraphic font
 will be the best font style for whatever type of occasion.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/stephen-rapp/hiatus/regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Hiatus</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
10. Corinthia Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Corinthia Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20979" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Corinthia-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Corinthia Pro is a simple but very attractive calligraphic font. It 
has beautiful cursive details designed by Colin Brignall. This font is 
inspired from Gill Sans and Railway Type which looks cleaner and 
beautifully design to soothe any calligraphic design layout.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/typesetit/corinthia/pro/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Corinthia Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
11. Monte Carlo</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Monte Carlo Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20980" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Monte-Carlo-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Monte Carlo is a traditional type of calligraphic fonts but offers 
many cursive details and swashes all in one font style. This beautiful 
script font is designed by Rob Leuschke with many flourishes and ornate 
that complements each other perfect font for wedding invitation.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/typesetit/monte-carlo/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Monte Carlo</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
12. Always Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Always Light" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20981" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Always-Light.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Always Pro font family is available in 6 different styles namely 
light condensed regular, condensed light, black, fat and regular. This 
calligraphic font is designed by Anton Scholtz and each font style is 
very stylish and with lots of curls and ornate.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/scholtz/always/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Always Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
13. LD Wedding</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="LD Wedding" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20982" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/LD-Wedding.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
LD Wedding is a beautiful collection of letterforms inspired from 
Engraver’s Old English font. This calligraphic font is the lighter 
version of it and it is one of the most famous font styles for wedding 
invitations since 19<sup>th</sup> century.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/lettering-delights/ld-wedding/regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download LD Wedding</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
14. Bellissima Script Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Bellissima Script Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20983" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Bellissima-Script-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Bellissima Script Pro is inspired from the library of Alex Trochut’s 
grandfather created by Ramon Stirling in 1844. This beautiful 
calligraphic font is similar to other famous wedding fonts like Burgues 
and Conpendium but not from the same font family.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/sudtipos/bellissima-script-pro/pro/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Bellissima Script Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
15. Carolyna Pro Black</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Carolyna Pro Black" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20984" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Carolyna-Pro-Black.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Carolyna Pro Black is a bolder version of Carolyna Pro that looks 
very elegant and stylish. This calligraphic font is designed to give 
more emphasis on modern hand writing that can be read easily even on far
 view. It looks hand written but with lots of cursive details.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/emily-lime/carolyna-pro-black/regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Carolyna Pro Black</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
16. Samantha Upright Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Samantha Upright Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20985" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Samantha-Upright-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Samantha Upright Pro is a very stylish calligraphic font style with 
lots of connected strokes, curls and beautiful flourishes. It has over 
2,700 available glyphs to offer that can be perfect for wedding 
invitations and other event invitations.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/laura-worthington/samantha-upright-script/pro/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Samantha Upright Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
17. Poem Script Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Poem Script Pro" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20986" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Poem-Script-Pro.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Poem Script Pro is one of the most stylish calligraphic font styles 
ever created. It has a very unique strokes and thin cursive details. 
This is the collection of American pen script style in 19<sup>th</sup> century and it is one of most used font for poems.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/sudtipos/poem-script-pro/poem-script-pro/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Poem Script Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
18. PF Champion Script Pro</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="PF-Champion Script Pro Regular" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20987" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/PF-Champion-Script-Pro-Regular.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
PF Champion Script Pro is a beautiful font family that offers you 
variety of advanced details and stylish approach. It looks very powerful
 and beautiful letterfoms with uniformity that offers lots of curls on 
both capital and small letters.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/parachute/pf-champion-script-pro/regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download PF Champion Script Pro</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
19. Quarzo</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Quarzo" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20988" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Quarzo.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Quarzo is a flexible and stylish calligraphic font with detailed 
rounded angles. This font has a very consistent stroke with generous 
spacing that looks beautiful when it is printed, this can be a perfect 
font for wedding invitations and alike events.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/corradine/quarzo/quarzo/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Quarzo</a></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
20. French Kiss</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="French kiss" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20989" height="100" src="http://www.vectordiary.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/French-kiss.jpg" width="500" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
French Kiss is entirely different from most of the calligraphic fonts
 since it has broader strokes and separated letters. It doesn’t have 
much cursive details and flourishes but it still look classical and 
beautiful font perfect for event invitations.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/robarnow/french-kiss/regular/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download French Kiss</a></b></div>
</div>

Commonly Used Calligraphy Fonts

It is the art of writing that has different strokes, brushes and bursting with fine-art design writing. It is usually used for wedding in...

Shortcodes included with WooCommerce

Theallicient 1 Wordpress 19:04

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WooCommerce comes with several shortcodes that can be used to insert 
content inside posts and pages. The following shortcodes are inserted 
into pages upon installation and should not need to be used anywhere 
else.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxhCY4h-0cZafycyxlAAGxJLBf-HL06dX-yu89rL_XpsiYSChusydEFr_iyOVLAj1j0zrjjdj0gT_A6JbeoMLRyuGZDeYx_QKUskETPTe8zn9ed34GqxSxROUaH7qYYXOG_QMGCEys3NkX/s1600/woocommerce%2540allicent.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxhCY4h-0cZafycyxlAAGxJLBf-HL06dX-yu89rL_XpsiYSChusydEFr_iyOVLAj1j0zrjjdj0gT_A6JbeoMLRyuGZDeYx_QKUskETPTe8zn9ed34GqxSxROUaH7qYYXOG_QMGCEys3NkX/s320/woocommerce%2540allicent.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
WooCommerce > 2.1.x Shortcodes:</h3>
<ul>
<li><b>[woocommerce_cart]</b> – shows the cart page</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_checkout]</b> – shows the checkout page</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_order_tracking]</b> – shows the order tracking form</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_my_account]</b> – shows the user account page.</li>
</ul>
<h3>
WooCommerce < 2.1.x Shortcodes:</h3>
<ul>
<li><b>[woocommerce_edit_account]</b> – Edit account pages</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_change_password]</b> – shows the change password page</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_view_order]</b> – shows the user account view order page</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_logout]</b> – shows the logout page</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_pay]</b> – shows the checkout pay page</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_thankyou]</b> – shows the order received page</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_lost_password]</b> – shows the lost password page</li>
<li><b>[woocommerce_edit_address]</b> – shows the user account edit address page.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="section-1">
Cart </h2>
Used on the cart page, the cart shortcode displays the cart contents 
and interface for coupon codes and other cart bits and pieces.<br />
Args: none<br />
<pre class="brush: php; gutter: false">[woocommerce_cart]</pre>
<h2 id="section-2">
Checkout</h2>
Used on the checkout page, the checkout shortcode displays the checkout process.<br />
Args: none<br />
<pre class="brush: php; gutter: false">[woocommerce_checkout]</pre>
<h2 id="section-3">
Order Tracking Form </h2>
Lets a user see the status of an order by entering their order details.<br />
Args: none<br />
<pre class="brush: php; gutter: false">[woocommerce_order_tracking]</pre>
<h2 id="section-4">
My Account </h2>
Shows the ‘my account’ section where the customer can view past 
orders and update their information. You can specify the number or order
 to show, it’s set by default to 15 (use <b>-1</b> to display <b>all orders</b>.)<br />
Args:<br />
<pre class="brush: php; gutter: false">array(
     'current_user' => '',
     'order_count' => '15'
 )</pre>
<pre class="brush: php; gutter: false">[woocommerce_my_account order_count="12"]</pre>
<div class="woo-sc-box info   ">
Current user argument is automatically set using get_user_by( ‘id’, get_current_user_id() ).</div>
The following shortcodes can be used anywhere you want:<br />
<h2 id="section-5">
Recent Products </h2>
Lists recent products – useful on the homepage. The ‘per_page’ 
shortcode determines how many products to show on the page and the 
columns attribute controls how many columns wide the products should be 
before wrapping.<br />
Args:<br />
<pre class="brush: php; gutter: false">array(
     'per_page' => '12',
      'columns' => '4',
      'orderby' => 'date',
      'order' => 'desc'
 )</pre>
<pre class="brush: php; gutter: false">[recent_products per_page="12" columns="4"]</pre>
<pre class="brush: php; gutter: false"> </pre>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://docs.woothemes.com/document/woocommerce-shortcodes/" target="_blank"><img alt="read_more" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijdcYnJWjfBgaJXleY89QVMVSdMqTlIrUovWMVIvhkpU781UMoSYIYhCwT-igLGX4bKWJdirWg8H1fdxeQhP1iy1FDu4a_OrixHfqownlfDu6gi73gBPROPqMqSdfj6q8knd5o11bwiPEx/s1600/read_more_button@allicient.png" /></a>
</div>
</div>

Shortcodes included with WooCommerce

WooCommerce comes with several shortcodes that can be used to insert content inside posts and pages. The following shortcodes are inserted...

Blanco 3.1 Responsive WordPress Woo/E-Commerce Theme

Theallicient 1 Wordpress 19:05

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Blanco is clear, easy to customize WordPress template. Many new features
 such as powerful admin module, slideshow, new products display on 
homepage, extra links and blocks and so on. This WordPress template is 
one of the most powerful and flexible templates at WordPress store.<br />
<br />
The template is fully compatible with heavy stores which have a 
variety of languages and currencies to create convenience for customers 
around the world. It’s designed to easily change color and background. <br />
<br />
Best fits for clothing store, apparel, fashion store, mall shop 
and any WordPress store if needed an easy customization template. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmw9OUhx_oOv_HgHlDy25durjPcLYFBQvTg-KDtQONR6R3vdPyvW1uDsoXLP8ey7_IrjPMdef0pZuDM3m0hanWuofuSzXDr7Yf776ihWWQQurE3z8jfgB0ccD-nXMts8xSrUDjJorycjSs/s1600/Blanco_3.1%2540ALLICIENT.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmw9OUhx_oOv_HgHlDy25durjPcLYFBQvTg-KDtQONR6R3vdPyvW1uDsoXLP8ey7_IrjPMdef0pZuDM3m0hanWuofuSzXDr7Yf776ihWWQQurE3z8jfgB0ccD-nXMts8xSrUDjJorycjSs/s1600/Blanco_3.1%2540ALLICIENT.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>The theme is compatible with WP e-Commerce and WooCommerce plugins</b><br />
<br />
<b>If you like the theme, don’t forget to rate it</b><br />
<b><b>Latest Version 3.1 – April 30, 2015</b><b> (Free Lifetime updates!) </b><br />
</b><br />
<ul>
<li>ADDED : Compatibility with WooCommerce 2.3.8    </li>
<li>ADDED : Compatibility with WordPress 4.2    </li>
<li>UPDATED : included plugins    </li>
<li>FIXED : Size guide lghtbox    </li>
<li>FIXED : Minor CSS bugs    </li>
<li>DELETED : blanco/woocommerce/cart/cart-shipping.php</li>
<li>DELETED : blanco/woocommerce/cart/cart-totals.php</li>
<li>DELETED : blanco/woocommerce/cart/shipping-calculator.php</li>
</ul>
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Blanco 3.1 Responsive WordPress Woo/E-Commerce Theme

Blanco is clear, easy to customize WordPress template. Many new features such as powerful admin module, slideshow, new products display on...

Syntax Highliter for Blogger

Theallicient 0 Tips and Tricks 11:53

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3>
How To Add Syntax Highlighter In Blogger?</h3>
<ol>
<li>Go To Blogger > Design > Edit HTML  </li>
<li>Backup your template </li>
<li>Search for this, </li>
</ol>
<div align="justify">
<b>      <span style="color: red;">  ]]></b:skin></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4gFBTkkhJh7Za1E902_fFNO9YVmh7v8G5lt9iislpNnmnzpGIBKjnB8_5NK204SZ94laWAXwIGKInu8ExfGN3ptdbfKlBaHPGNtF0R2zlWYghrhqtCIFZGV9-mBoeyJYNeTWxi3PYWiee/s1600/code_syntax%2540allicient.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4gFBTkkhJh7Za1E902_fFNO9YVmh7v8G5lt9iislpNnmnzpGIBKjnB8_5NK204SZ94laWAXwIGKInu8ExfGN3ptdbfKlBaHPGNtF0R2zlWYghrhqtCIFZGV9-mBoeyJYNeTWxi3PYWiee/s1600/code_syntax%2540allicient.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">     4.  And just below it paste the following code.</span></div>
<pre class="brush:css, brush:html, brush:js, brush:php, brush:sql, brush:python"><link href="http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/styles/shCore.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></link>
<link href="http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/styles/shThemeDefault.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></link>
<script src="http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shCore.js" type="text/javascript">
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushCpp.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushCSharp.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushCss.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/current/scripts/shYouBrushJava.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushJScript.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushPhp.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushPython.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushRuby.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushSql.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushVb.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushXml.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/shBrushPerl.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script language='javascript'>
SyntaxHighlighter.config.bloggerMode = true;
SyntaxHighlighter.config.clipboardSwf = 'http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.1.382/scripts/clipboard.swf';
SyntaxHighlighter.all();
</script>
</pre>
     5.   Save your template and you are done!<br />
     6.   Whenever you wants to use syntax highlighter  in your post just use this code inside your post <br />
<b>      <span style="color: red;">   <pre class="brush:css, brush:html, brush:js, brush:php, brush:sql, brush:python"></span></b><br />
<span style="color: red;">              <b> //  add your code here </b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;">       <b>  </pre>
</b></span><b> </b><br />
     7. Then update or save that post.</div>

Syntax Highliter for Blogger

How To Add Syntax Highlighter In Blogger? Go To Blogger > Design > Edit HTML Backup your template Search for this, ...

Flying Twitter Bird Widget to Blogger Post

Theallicient 0 Tips and Tricks 11:31

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 align="justify">
How To Add the Twitter Flying Bird To Blogger?</h3>
<ol>
<li>     <div align="justify">
Go To Blogger > Design > Edit HTML</div>
</li>
<li>     <div align="justify">
Backup your template</div>
</li>
<li>     <div align="justify">
Search for </body> </div>
</li>
<li>     <div align="justify">
And just above it paste the code below</div>
</li>
</ol>
<pre class="brush:css, brush:html, brush:js, brush:php, brush:sql, brush:python"><script src='http://widgets.way2blogging.org/blogger-widgets/w2b-tripleflap.js' type='text/javascript'>
</script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
var twitterAccount = &quot;Theallicient&quot;;
var tweetThisText = &quot; <data:blog.pageTitle/> : <data:blog.url/> &quot;;
tripleflapInit();
</script></pre>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnPN4tXcsoAKNNl_BE36H512YTz-c6rzB7FK2-EaS5xq2MVciAglcBGi1SoBsHrvAmHPvH6uCA-wQHheAMkWi7y-Kvns0VEFpd5oiIt0FB3sL204CPWNl38sdjeIjSeV-7RFPao0sP8CeB/s1600/twitter-flying-icon%2540allicient.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnPN4tXcsoAKNNl_BE36H512YTz-c6rzB7FK2-EaS5xq2MVciAglcBGi1SoBsHrvAmHPvH6uCA-wQHheAMkWi7y-Kvns0VEFpd5oiIt0FB3sL204CPWNl38sdjeIjSeV-7RFPao0sP8CeB/s200/twitter-flying-icon%2540allicient.png" width="200" /></a>
<br />
<div align="justify">
   5.  Replace <b>Theallicient</b> with your twitter account username.</div>
<div align="justify">
    6.  Save your template and you are done!</div>
<div align="justify">
    7.   View your blog to see it flying. :)</div>
</div>
</div>

Flying Twitter Bird Widget to Blogger Post

How To Add the Twitter Flying Bird To Blogger? Go To Blogger > Design > Edit HTML Backup your template Searc...

Various Methods of Cost Estimation In S.E

Theallicient 0 Software Engineering 22:49

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>Methods of Cost Estimation:-</b></span></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is a lot of software cost
  estimation methods or techniques in the software industry. Here are a few
  techniques that will be discussed in this document: </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFMGUEru53WhswQpTf-V20svy8-69k_cUvowCTxrdLAGiT2g7EO5xRKveUCVQW0vWg99yhic0zEeiuRn0V66WvzSCGsGLyu0NQ_inUHkVzYMUBUOPGN1MNAhhh1KQM_bncnyY_l5XKkqjT/s1600/se%2540allicient.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFMGUEru53WhswQpTf-V20svy8-69k_cUvowCTxrdLAGiT2g7EO5xRKveUCVQW0vWg99yhic0zEeiuRn0V66WvzSCGsGLyu0NQ_inUHkVzYMUBUOPGN1MNAhhh1KQM_bncnyY_l5XKkqjT/s200/se%2540allicient.PNG" width="200" /></a></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Algorithmic (Parametric)
       model</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Expert Judgment (Expertise
       Based)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Top - Down</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bottom - Up</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Estimation by Analogy</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Price to Win Estimation
</span></li>
</ul>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://sern.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/%7Ebowen/621/report/#top"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Algorithmic
  (Parametric) Model</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This software cost estimation
  technique use the mathematical equations to perform the software estimation.
  The mathematical equations are based on historical data or theory. SLOC
  (source line of code), function points, and other cost drivers are the
  inputs. For most algorithmic model, calibration to the specific software environment
  can be performed to improve the estimation. Examples of the parametric models
  are COCOMO (COnstructive COst MOdel), COCOMO II, Putnam's software life-cycle
  model (SLIM).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Advantages:</span></b></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Generate repeatable
       estimations</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Easy to modify input data</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Easy to refine and customize
       formulas</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Objectively calibrated to
       experience</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disadvantages:</span></b></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unable to deal with
       exceptional conditions</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some experience and factors
       can not be quantified</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sometimes algorithms may be
       proprietary</span></li>
</ul>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://sern.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/%7Ebowen/621/report/#top"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="4.2"></a><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Expert Judgement</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This technique captures the
  experience and the knowledge of the estimator who provides the estimate based
  on their experience from a similar project to which they have
  participated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Examples are the Delphi,
  Wideband Delphi and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Advantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Useful in the absence of
       quantified, empirical data. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Can factor in differences
       between past project experiences and requirements of the proposed
       project </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Can factor in impacts caused
       by new technologies, applications and languages. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disadvantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Estimate is only as good
       expert’s opinion </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hard to document the factors
       used by the experts</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: right;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="4.3"></a><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
  Top-Down</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This technique is also called
  Macro Model, which utilize the global view of the product and then
  partitioned into various low level components.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Example of this technique is the Putnam
  model.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Advantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Requires minimal project
       detail </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Usually faster and easier to
       implement </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Focus on system level
       activities </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">  </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disadvantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tend to overlook low level
       components </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">No detailed basis</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: right;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="4.4"></a><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
  Bottom-Up</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The cost of each software components is estimated first and then
  the results are combined to derive the final cost estimation for the
  project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>An example is the COCOMO’s
  detailed model. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Advantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">More stable </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">More detailed </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Allow each software group to hand an estimate </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">  </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disadvantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">May overlook system level
       costs </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">More time consuming </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://sern.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/%7Ebowen/621/report/#top"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Wingdings 3"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Estimation by Analogy</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This technique utilize the actual data that is extrapolated from
  a previous completed project and compare that with the proposed project in
  the same application domain to derive the cost estimate. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Advantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Based on actual project data </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disadvantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Impossible if no comparable
       project had been tackled in the past. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How well does the previous
       project represent this one </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="4.6"></a><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
  Price to Win</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The cost estimate is the price that is necessary to win the
  contract or the project. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Advantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Often rewarded with the
       contract </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disadvantages: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Time and money run out before
       the job is done</span></div>

Various Methods of Cost Estimation In S.E

Methods of Cost Estimation:- There is a lot of software cost estimation methods or techniques in the software industry. Here are a f...

Various Concepts Used In Software Engineering

Theallicient 0 Software Engineering 18:14

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Throw Away Prototyping :-</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
it is
 a small part of the system is developed and then given to the end user 
to try out and evaluate. The user provides feedback which can quickly be
 incorporated into the development of the main system.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The prototype is then discarded or thrown away. This is very different to the evolutionary approach.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The
 objective of throw-away prototyping is to ensure that the system 
requirements are validated and that they are clearly understood.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The
 throw-away prototype is NOT considered part of the final system. It is 
simply there to aid understanding and reduce the risk of poorly defined 
requirements. The full system is being developed alongside the 
prototypes and incorporates the changes needed.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The
 advantage of this approach is the speed with which the prototype is put
 together. It also focuses the user on only one aspect of the system so 
keeping their feedback precise.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
One
 disadvantage with throw-away prototyping is that developers may be 
pressurised by the users to deliver it as a final system! Another issue 
is that all the man-hours of putting together the throw away prototypes 
are lost unlike the evolutionary approach. But the benefits may outweigh
 the disadvantages.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Which approach to use (evolutionary or throw-away) will depend on the nature of the system being developed.<br />
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</div>
<h3 class="title" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="title_text">Modularity in software engineering :-</span></h3>
<div class="title" style="text-align: justify;">
Modularity
 refers to breaking down software into different parts.  These
 parts have differerent names depending on your programming paridigm 
(for example, we talk about modules in imperative programming and 
objects in object oriented programming). Software modularity indicates 
that the number of application modules are capable of serving a 
specified business domain. 
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Modularity is successful because developers use prewritten code, 
which saves resources. Overall, modularity provides greater software 
development manageability.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Software engineering modularity allows typical applications to be 
divided into modules, as well as integration with similar modules, which
 helps developers use prewritten code. Modules are divided based on 
functionality, and programmers are not involved with the functionalities
 of other modules. Thus, new functionalities may be easily programmed in
 separate modules. </div>
<h3 class="title" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="title_text">Code Review in software engineering :-</span><span class="title_text"> </span></h3>
<div class="title" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="title_text"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Code review is systematic examination (often as peer review) of 
computer source code. It is intended to find and fix mistakes overlooked
 in the initial development phase, improving both the overall quality of
 software and the developers' skills. Reviews are done in various forms 
such as pair programming, informal walkthroughs, and formal inspections.</span></span><span class="title_text"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Code reviews can often find and remove common vulnerabilities such as 
format string exploits, race conditions, memory leaks and buffer 
overflows, thereby improving software security. Online software 
repositories based on Subversion (with Redmine or Trac), Mercurial, Git 
or others allow groups of individuals to collaboratively review code. 
Additionally, specific tools for collaborative code review can 
facilitate the code review process.</span></span></div>
<div class="title" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="topictitle1" style="text-align: justify;">
Dynamic Analysis vs. Static Analysis:-</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dynamic analysis is the testing and evaluation of an application during runtime. 
  </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Static analysis is the testing and evaluation of an application by examining the code without executing the application. 
  </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Many software defects that cause memory and threading errors can 
be detected both dynamically and statically. The two approaches are 
complementary because no single approach can find every error. 
  </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The primary advantage of dynamic analysis: It reveals subtle 
defects or vulnerabilities whose cause is too complex to be discovered 
by static analysis. Dynamic analysis can play a role in security 
assurance, but its primary goal is finding and debugging errors. 
  </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The primary advantage of static analysis: It examines all possible
 execution paths and variable values, not just those invoked during 
execution. Thus static analysis can reveal errors that may not manifest 
themselves until weeks, months or years after release. This aspect of 
static analysis is especially valuable in security assurance, because 
security attacks often exercise an application in unforeseen and 
untested ways. 
  </div>
<h3 class="topictitle1" style="text-align: left;">
Gantt chart :-
</h3>
A Gantt chart, commonly used in project management, is one  of the 
most popular and useful ways of showing activities (tasks or events)  
displayed against time. On the left of the chart is a list of the 
activities  and along the top is a suitable time scale. Each activity is
 represented by a  bar; the position and length of the bar reflects the 
start date, duration and  end date of the activity. This allows you to 
see at a glance:<br />
<ul>
<li>What the various activities are</li>
<li>When each activity begins and ends</li>
<li>How long each activity is scheduled to last</li>
<li>Where activities overlap with other activities,  and by how much</li>
<li>The start and end date of the whole project</li>
</ul>
To summarize, a Gantt chart shows you what has to be done  (the activities) and when (the schedule).<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Gantt Chart" height="130" src="http://www.gantt.com/images/image001.gif" title="A simple Gantt chart" width="511" /></div>
<div class="title" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<h3 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">
Non-functional requirement:-</h3>
<div class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Non-functional requirement is a <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Requirement">requirement</a>
 that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a 
system, rather than specific behaviors. This should be contrasted with <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Functional requirement">functional requirements</a> that define specific behavior or functions. The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Systems design">system design</a>. The plan for implementing non-functional requirements is detailed in the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Systems architecture">system architecture</a>.</span></b>
</div>
Broadly, functional requirements define what a system is 
supposed to do and non-functional requirements define how a system is 
supposed to be.
 Functional requirements are usually in the form of "system shall do 
<requirement>", an individual action of part of the system, 
perhaps explicitly in the sense of a <span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Function (mathematics)">mathematical function</a>, a <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Black box">black box</a> description input, output, process and control <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Functional model">functional model</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="IPO Model">IPO Model</a>.
 In contrast, non-functional requirements are in the form of "system 
shall be <requirement>", an overall property of the system as a 
whole or of a particular aspect and not a specific function. The 
systems' overall properties commonly mark the difference between whether
 the development project has succeeded or failed.</span><br />
Non-functional requirements are often called qualities of a 
system. Other terms for non-functional requirements are "constraints", 
"quality attributes", "quality goals", "quality of service requirements"
 and "non-behavioral requirements".Informally these are sometimes called the "ilities", from attributes 
like stability and portability. Qualities, that is non-functional 
requirements, can be divided into two main categories:<br />
<ol>
<li>Execution qualities, such as security and usability, which are observable at run time.</li>
<li>Evolution qualities, such as <span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Software testability">testability</a>, maintainability, extensibility and scalability, which are embodied in the static structure of the software system</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></b></div>
</div>

Various Concepts Used In Software Engineering

Throw Away Prototyping :- it is a small part of the system is developed and then given to the end user to try out and evaluate. The us...

Various Concepts Used in Cloud Computing

Theallicient 0 Cloud Computing 11:11

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Amazon Web Services (AWS)  :</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive, evolving cloud computing
platform provided by Amazon.com. Web services are sometimes called cloud services or
remote computing services. The first AWS offerings were launched in 2006 to provide online services
for websites and client-side
applications.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
 <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOar88GOVCL0yXvFzm-mlISvz2Zbu6-z1bGhBmMlMOtWSBPOgsukL0H9Xfrw7XV0mdmyyQNHf4xvEnf33_fO7NhrYm5qOZKSh1IMXXwJZFuhea4wTipAHAZM1gdlqedCws0RV-i1nQQDUs/s1600/cc@allicient.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOar88GOVCL0yXvFzm-mlISvz2Zbu6-z1bGhBmMlMOtWSBPOgsukL0H9Xfrw7XV0mdmyyQNHf4xvEnf33_fO7NhrYm5qOZKSh1IMXXwJZFuhea4wTipAHAZM1gdlqedCws0RV-i1nQQDUs/s1600/cc@allicient.png" width="200" /></a></div>
 To minimize the impact of outages and ensure robustness of the system, AWS is geographically
diversified into regions. These regions have central hubs in the Eastern USA, Western USA (two
locations), Brazil, Ireland, Singapore, Japan, and Australia. Each region comprises multiple
smaller geographic areas called availability zones.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The growing AWS collection offers over three dozen diverse services including: </div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><b>CloudDrive,</b>
which allows users to upload and access music, videos, documents, and photos from Web-connected
devices. The service also enables users to stream music to their devices.</li>
<li><b>CloudSearch</b>, a scalable search service
typically used to integrate customized search capabilities into other applications.</li>
<li><b>Dynamo
Database</b> (also known as DynamoDB or DDB), a fully-managed NoSQL database
service known for low latencies and scalability.</li>
<li><b>Elastic
Compute Cloud, </b>which allows business subscribers to run application
programs and can serve as a practically unlimited set of virtual machines (VMs).</li>
<li><b>ElastiCache,</b> a fully
managed caching service that is protocol-compliant with Memcached, an open source,
high-performance, distributed memory object caching system for speeding up dynamic Web applications
by alleviating database load.</li>
<li><b>Mechanical Turk,</b>
an application program interface (API) that
allows developers to integrate human intelligence into Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) using a network
of humans to perform tasks that computers are ill-suited for.</li>
<li><b>RedShift,</b> a petabyte-scale data warehouse service
designed for analytic workloads, connecting to standard SQL-based clients and business
intelligence tools.</li>
<li><b>Simple
Storage Service (S3),</b> a scalable, high-speed, low-cost service designed for online backup and archiving of data and application
programs.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
All AWS offerings are billed according to usage. The rates vary from service to service.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Difference Between AWS & Windows AZURE Cloud services.</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>

</b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
 <tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
  <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.7in;" valign="top" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Parameter</span></b></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">AMAZON Web
  Services</span></b></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.9pt;" valign="top" width="229"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Windows Azure</span></b></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.7in;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="ht-content-wrap"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Deployment
  Model</span></b></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .75in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Public
  Cloud</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.9pt;" valign="top" width="229"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .75in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Public
  Cloud</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="height: 47.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 47.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.7in;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="ht-content-wrap"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Service Model</span></b></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Infrastructure
  as a Service</span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.9pt;" valign="top" width="229"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Infrastructure
  as a Service</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Platform
  as a Service</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.7in;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Industries</span></b></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banking
  & Finance</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Government</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Healthcare
  & Pharmaceuticals</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Internet
  & Communications</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manufacturing</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Media
  & Entertainment</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Retail
  & Customer Services</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.9pt;" valign="top" width="229"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banking
  & Finance</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Healthcare
  & Pharmaceuticals</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Internet
  & Communications</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manufacturing
  & Engineering</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Retail
  & Customer Services </span></li>
</ul>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="height: 124.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 124.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.7in;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="ht-content-wrap"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Control
  Interface</span></b></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 124.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Web
  Based Application/Control Panel</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">API
  (Application Programming Interface)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Graphical
  User Interface</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 124.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.9pt;" valign="top" width="229"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Web
  Based Application/Control Panel</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">API
  (Application Programming Interface)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Command
  Line</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.7in;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Features</span></b></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Auto Scaling</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cloud Storage</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Content Delivery Network</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Database as a Service</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Deploy Servers</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Direct Connect</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DNS Management</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">File Storage</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Flexible Storage Services</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Load Balancing</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Messaging Services</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.9pt;" valign="top" width="229"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Auto Scaling</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Block Storage</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cloud Storage</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Content Delivery Network</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Database as a Service</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Deploy Servers</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disaster Recovery</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Horizontal Scaling</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Load Balancing</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Messaging Services</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vertical Scaling</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.7in;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Server OS Types</span></b></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.5pt;" valign="top" width="246"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Linux</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Windows</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.9pt;" valign="top" width="229"><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Linux</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Windows</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>
</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<h3>
<b>4 Basic Principles of Cloud Computing:-</b></h3>
<div>
<b>The Right Kind of Workload Optimization </b></div>
At
 the core of cloud computing is this idea of optimizing the workload. 
This allows you to make the most of your IT resources while increasing 
your overall flexibility. Power Systems use technology like IBM’s New 
Intelligent Threads to switch between processor threading dynamically. 
The Power Systems TurboCore mode lets you provide the most performance 
per core for things like database or transaction workloads. Active 
Memory expansion lets you expand your physical memory logically by as 
much as 100 percent for memory-intensive workloads like SAP.<br />
<b>Limitless Virtualization</b><br />
With
 PowerVM, the virtualization component to IBM Power Systems, you can 
virtualize not just processor resources, but memory and I/O resources as
 well. You can use PowerVM to adjust capacity in a dynamic fashion, to 
move workloads between servers, and to maximize availability. This kind 
of virtualization even allows you to prevent planned downtime.<br />
<b>Automated Management</b><br />
Being
 able to provision resources within the cloud is key to maximizing 
utilization and efficiency. It also helps to reduce your TCO and 
management costs. Utilizing IBM Systems Director Enterprise for Power 
Systems, you have a way to manage physical as well as virtual servers in
 an automated fashion. These tools are cross-platform, too. This means 
that, no matter what your environment, the Power Systems cloud can 
provision virtual machine images and effectively allocate resources, all
 while providing you with an accurate picture of how your systems are 
operating. <br />
<b>Solutions of All Kinds</b><br />
No matter 
the shape, size or composition of your cloud, IBM Power Systems has a 
possible solution. Here are a few of the specific offerings:<br />
•    IBM
 CloudBurst. CloudBurst lets the data center quickly create and 
implement a private cloud environment. It’s a cloud computing quickstart
 aimed at a defined portion of the data center.<br />
•    IBM WebSphere 
CloudBurst Appliance. This offering lets you deploy and manage your SOA 
foundation in a cloud computing environment, and easily deploys 
WebSphere virtual images to your Power Systems partitions.<br />
•    IBM 
Smart Business Development and Test Cloud. This solution lets you create
 a private cloud environment for the purposes of development and 
testing, reducing your operating costs and your test cycle times.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Advantages of Cloud Computing :-<b> </b></h3>
<h3>
<b>Cost Efficiency</b></h3>
This
 is the biggest advantage of cloud computing, achieved by the 
elimination of the investment in stand-alone software or servers. By 
leveraging cloud’s capabilities, companies can save on licensing fees 
and at the same time eliminate overhead charges such as the cost of data
 storage, software updates, management etc.<br />
The cloud is in 
general available at much cheaper rates than traditional approaches and 
can significantly lower the overall IT expenses. At the same time, 
convenient and scalable charging models have emerged (such as 
one-time-payment and pay-as-you-go), making the cloud even more 
attractive.<br />
If you want to get more technical and analytical, 
cloud computing delivers a better cash flow by eliminating the capital 
expense (CAPEX) associated with developing and maintaining the server 
infrastructure.<br />
<b>Convenience and continuous availability</b><br />
Public
 clouds offer services that are available wherever the end user might be
 located. This approach enables easy access to information and 
accommodates the needs of users in different time zones and geographic 
locations. As a side benefit, collaboration booms since it is now easier
 than ever to access, view and modify shared documents and files.<br />
Moreover,
 service uptime is in most cases guaranteed, providing in that way 
continuous availability of resources. The various cloud vendors 
typically use multiple servers for maximum redundancy. In case of system
 failure, alternative instances are automatically spawned on other 
machines.<br />
<b>Backup and Recovery</b><br />
The
 process of backing up and recovering data is simplified since those now
 reside on the cloud and not on a physical device. The various cloud 
providers offer reliable and flexible backup/recovery solutions. In some
 cases, the cloud itself is used solely as a backup repository of the 
data located in local computers.<br />
<b>Cloud is environmentally friendly</b><br />
The
 cloud is in general more efficient than the typical IT infrastructure 
and It takes fewer resources to compute, thus saving energy. For 
example, when servers are not used, the infrastructure normally scales 
down, freeing up resources and consuming less power. At any moment, only
 the resources that are truly needed are consumed by the system.<br />
<b>Resiliency and Redundancy</b><br />
A
 cloud deployment is usually built on a robust architecture thus 
providing resiliency and redundancy to its users. The cloud offers 
automatic failover between hardware platforms out of the box, while 
disaster recovery services are also often included.<br />
<b>Scalability and Performance</b><br />
Scalability
 is a built-in feature for cloud deployments. Cloud instances are 
deployed automatically only when needed and as a result, you pay only 
for the applications and data storage you need. Hand in hand, also comes
 elasticity, since clouds can be scaled to meet your changing IT system 
demands.<br />
Regarding performance, the systems utilize distributed 
architectures which offer excellent speed of computations. Again, it is 
the provider’s responsibility to ensure that your services run on 
cutting edge machinery. Instances can be added instantly for improved 
performance and customers have access to the total resources of the 
cloud’s core hardware via their dashboards.<br />
<b>Quick deployment and ease of integration</b><br />
A
 cloud system can be up and running in a very short period, making quick
 deployment a key benefit. On the same aspect, the introduction of a new
 user in the system happens instantaneously, eliminating waiting 
periods.<br />
Furthermore, software integration occurs automatically 
and organically in cloud installations. A business is allowed to choose 
the services and applications that best suit their preferences, while 
there is minimum effort in customizing and integrating those 
applications.<br />
<b>Increased Storage Capacity</b><br />
The
 cloud can accommodate and store much more data compared to a personal 
computer and in a way offers almost unlimited storage capacity. It 
eliminates worries about running out of storage space and at the same 
time It spares businesses the need to upgrade their computer hardware, 
further reducing the overall IT cost.<br />
<b>Device Diversity and Location Independence</b><br />
Cloud
 computing services can be accessed via a plethora of electronic devices
 that are able to have access to the internet. These devices include not
 only the traditional PCs, but also smartphones, tablets etc. With the 
cloud, the “Bring your own device” (BYOD) policy can be easily adopted, 
permitting employees to bring personally owned mobile devices to their 
workplace.<br />
An end-user might decide not only which device to use, 
but also where to access the service from. There is no limitation of 
place and medium. We can access our applications and data anywhere in 
the world, making this method very attractive to people. Cloud computing
 is in that way especially appealing to international companies as it 
offers the flexibility for its employees to access company files 
wherever they are.<br />
<b>Smaller learning curve</b><br />
Cloud
 applications usually entail smaller learning curves since people are 
quietly used to them. Users find it easier to adopt them and come up to 
speed much faster. Main examples of this are applications like GMail and
 Google Docs.<br />
<h3>
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing :-</h3>
As made 
clear from the above, cloud computing is a tool that offers enormous 
benefits to its adopters. However, being a tool, it also comes with its 
set of problems and inefficiencies. Let’s address the most significant 
ones.<br />
<b>Security and privacy in the Cloud</b><br />
Security
 is the biggest concern when it comes to cloud computing. By leveraging a
 remote cloud based infrastructure, a company essentially gives away 
private data and information, things that might be sensitive and 
confidential. It is then up to the cloud service provider to manage, 
protect and retain them, thus the provider’s reliability is very 
critical. A company’s existence might be put in jeopardy, so all 
possible alternatives should be explored before a decision. On the same 
note, even end users might feel uncomfortable surrendering their data to
 a third party.<br />
Similarly, privacy in the cloud is another huge 
issue. Companies and users have to trust their cloud service vendors 
that they will protect their data from unauthorized users. The various 
stories of data loss and password leakage in the media does not help to 
reassure some of the most concerned users.<br />
<b>Dependency and vendor lock-in</b><br />
One
 of the major disadvantages of cloud computing is the implicit 
dependency on the provider. This is what the industry calls “vendor 
lock-in” since it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to migrate 
from a provider once you have rolled with him. If a user wishes to 
switch to some other provider, then it can be really painful and 
cumbersome to transfer huge data from the old provider to the new one. 
This is another reason why you should carefully and thoroughly 
contemplate all options when picking a vendor.<br />
<b>Technical Difficulties and Downtime</b><br />
Certainly
 the smaller business will enjoy not having to deal with the daily 
technical issues and will prefer handing those to an established IT 
company, however you should keep in mind that all systems might face 
dysfunctions from time to time. Outage and downtime is possible even to 
the best cloud service providers, as the past has shown.<br />
Additionally,
 you should remember that the whole setup is dependent on internet 
access, thus any network or connectivity problems will render the setup 
useless. As a minor detail, also keep in mind that it might take several
 minutes for the cloud to detect a server fault and launch a new 
instance from an image snapshot.<br />
<b>Limited control and flexibility</b><br />
Since
 the applications and services run on remote, third party virtual 
environments, companies and users have limited control over the function
 and execution of the hardware and software. Moreover, since remote 
software is being used, it usually lacks the features of an application 
running locally.<br />
<b>Increased Vulnerability</b><br />
Related
 to the security and privacy mentioned before, note that cloud based 
solutions are exposed on the public internet and are thus a more 
vulnerable target for malicious users and hackers. Nothing on the 
Internet is completely secure and even the biggest players suffer from 
serious attacks and security breaches. Due to the interdependency of the
 system, If there is a compromise one one of the machines that data is 
stored, there might be a leakage of personal information to the world.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>  </b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Big Data :-</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Big data is 
an evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, 
semi-structured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined
 for information.Big data can be characterized by 3Vs: the extreme 
volume of data, the wide variety of types of data and the velocity at 
which the data must be must processed. Although big data doesn't refer 
to any specific quantity, the term is often used when speaking about 
petabytes and exabytes of data, much of which cannot be integrated 
easily.Because big data takes too much time and costs too much money to 
load into a traditional relational database for analysis, new approaches
 to storing and analyzing data have emerged that rely less on data 
schema and data quality. Instead, raw data with extended metadata is 
aggregated in a data lake and machine learning and artificial 
intelligence (AI) programs use complex algorithms to look for repeatable
 patterns.  </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Load Balancing:- </b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Load 
balancing is dividing the amount of work that a computer has to do 
between two or more computers so that more work gets done in the same 
amount of time and, in general, all users get served faster. Load 
balancing can be implemented with hardware, software, or a combination 
of both. Typically, load balancing is the main reason for computer 
server clustering. Load balancing is dividing the amount of work that a 
computer has to do between two or more computers so that more work gets 
done in the same amount of time and, in general, all users get served 
faster. Load balancing can be implemented with hardware, software, or a 
combination of both. Typically, load balancing is the main reason for 
computer server clustering. On the Internet, companies whose Web sites 
get a great deal of traffic usually use load balancing. For load 
balancing Web traffic, there are several approaches. For Web serving, 
one approach is to route each request in turn to a different server host
 address in a domain name system (DNS) table, round-robin fashion. 
Usually, if two servers are used to balance a work load, a third server 
is needed to determine which server to assign the work to. Since load 
balancing requires multiple servers, it is usually combined with 
failover and backup services. In some approaches, the servers are 
distributed over different geographic locations.<b></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<h3>
<b>Difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques:_</b></h3>
<b>Symmetric Encryption:-</b><br />
1) Speed is fast.<br />
2) Size of cipher text is usually the same or less than that of the plain text.<br />
3) Number of keys used is the square of the number of participants.<br />
4) Key exchange is a major problem (hence, algorithms like the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange algorithm are used).<br />
5) More storage space required.<br />
6) symmetric encryption model eliminating the need to share the key by using a pair of public-private keys.<br />
7) Symmetric Encryption is an age old technique while.<br />
8) Symmetric Encryption uses a single secret key that needs to be shared among the people who needs to receive the message.<br />
<br />
<b>Asymmetric encryption</b>:-<br />
1) Slower in speed.<br />
2) Cipher text size is usually greater than that of the plain text.<br />
3) Number of keys used is same as the number of participants.<br />
4) Key exchange is no problem.<br />
5) Less storage space required.<br />
6) Asymmetric Encryption was introduced to complement the inherent problem of the need to share the key. <br />
7) Asymmetric Encryption is relatively new.<br />
8) Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of public key, and a private key to encrypt and decrypt messages when communicating.<b></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<h3 itemprop="name">
How to Reduce Security Breaches in Cloud Computing Networks :-</h3>
In general, follow these steps to reduce the risk of suffering security breaches:<br />
<ol class="level-one">
<li><div class="first-para">
Authenticate all people accessing the network.</div>
</li>
<li><div class="first-para">
Frame all access permissions so users have 
access only to the applications and data that they’ve been granted 
specific permission to access.</div>
</li>
<li><div class="first-para">
Authenticate all software running on any computer — and all changes to such software.</div>
<div class="child-para">
This includes software or services running in the cloud.</div>
<div class="child-para">
Your cloud provider needs to automate and 
authenticate software patches and configuration changes, as well as 
manage security patches in a proactive way. After all, many service 
outages come from configuration mistakes.</div>
</li>
<li><div class="first-para">
<b>Formalize the process of requesting permission to access data or applications.</b></div>
<div class="child-para">
This applies to your own internal systems and the services that require you to put your data into the cloud.</div>
</li>
<li><div class="first-para">
<b>Monitor all network activity and log all unusual activity.</b></div>
<div class="child-para">
Deploy intruder-detection technology. Even if your
 cloud services provider enables you to monitor activities on its 
environment, you should have an independent view.</div>
<div class="child-para">
Even when cloud operators have good security (physical, network, OS, application infrastructure), it is <i>your</i> company’s responsibility to protect and secure your applications and information.</div>
</li>
<li><div class="first-para">
Log all user activity and program activity and analyze it for unexpected behavior.</div>
<div class="child-para">
Nearly 70 percent of security breaches are caused 
by insiders (or by people getting help from insiders). Insiders rarely 
get caught.</div>
</li>
<li><div class="first-para">
Encrypt, up to the point of use, all valuable data that needs extra protection.</div>
</li>
<li><div class="first-para">
Regularly check the network for vulnerabilities in all software exposed to the Internet or any external users.</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>

Various Concepts Used in Cloud Computing

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